![]() ![]() in Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change (eds Edenhofer, O. ![]() Getting from here to there-energy technology transformation pathways in the EMF27 scenarios. Fully considering life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions has only modest effects on the scale and structure of power production in cost-optimal mitigation scenarios.Īdoption of the Paris Agreement FCCC/CP/2015/L.9/Rev.1 (UNFCCC, 2015). We find that cumulative emissions attributable to upscaling low-carbon power other than hydropower are small compared with direct sectoral fossil fuel emissions and the total carbon budget. Life-cycle emissions from hydropower and bioenergy are substantial ( ∼100 gCO 2eq kWh −1), but highly uncertain. For a climate protection scenario, we project life-cycle emissions from fossil fuel carbon capture and sequestration plants of 78–110 gCO 2eq kWh −1, compared with 3.5–12 gCO 2eq kWh −1 for nuclear, wind and solar power for 2050. Future per-unit life-cycle emissions differ substantially across technologies. Here, we integrate prospective life-cycle assessment with global integrated energy–economy–land-use–climate modelling to explore life-cycle emissions of future low-carbon power supply systems and implications for technology choice. Both fossil-fuel and non-fossil-fuel power technologies induce life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions, mainly due to their embodied energy requirements for construction and operation, and upstream CH 4 emissions. ![]()
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